Gregory Winter
British biochemist (born 1951)
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Winter solved the problem that kept antibodies from becoming drugs: the human body rejected them because they came from mice. His technique to humanize the molecules opened the floodgates for a generation of cancer and autoimmune therapies, earning him the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
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Gregory Paul Winter was born 14 April 1951 and built his research career almost entirely at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology and the MRC Centre for Protein Engineering in Cambridge. In 1986 he invented techniques to humanize monoclonal antibodies, then refined the method using phage display to create fully human versions—critical because earlier mouse-derived antibodies triggered immune rejection in patients. The breakthrough unlocked therapeutic uses that had been out of reach. For these developments he shared the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with George Smith and Frances Arnold. He s…
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