Gregor Mendel
Moravian scientist and Augustinian friar (1822-1884) · Scientists · Died at 61
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Something wrong?He bred pea plants in a monastery garden and worked out the rules of inheritance - dominant, recessive, the math behind why children resemble parents - then published it in 1866 to total silence. Thirty-four years after that, three scientists read his paper the same year and realized he'd already solved genetics.
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In their own words 4
, It concerns the opinion of Naudin and Darwin that a single pollen grain does not suffice for fertilization of the ovule.
Of the experiments of previous years, those dealing with Matthiola annua and glabra, Zea, and Mirabilis were concluded last year. Their hybrids behave exactly like those of Pisum.
I am inclined to regard the separation of parental traits in the progeny of hybrids in Pisum as complete and thus permanent.
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Gregor Johann Mendel was born into a German-speaking family in the Austrian Empire on 20 July 1822, became an Augustinian friar, and eventually abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey in Brno. Between 1856 and 1863 he crossbred pea plants, tracking seven traits - height, pod shape and color, seed shape and color, flower position and color - and noticed patterns: yellow seeds dominated in one generation, then green reappeared at a ratio of 1 to 3. He coined "recessive" and "dominant" to explain it, published his findings on invisible "factors" in 1866, and was ignored. In 1900, sixteen years after his death, Erich von Tschermak, Hugo de Vries, and Carl Correns each verified his results independently, and the modern science of genetics began. The actual genes he'd inferred were finally identified in 2025.
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