German-French composer
He owned the nineteenth century's opera stages more completely than anyone between Mozart and Wagner — a German who conquered Paris by fusing orchestral weight with Italian vocal fire, then wrapped it all in Scribe's melodrama and the latest stage machinery.
Born Jakob Liebmann Meyer Beer to a wealthy Jewish family on 5 September 1791, he started as a pianist before turning to opera and spending years studying in Italy. His 1824 opera Il crociato in Egitto gave him a Europe-wide reputation, but Robert le diable in 1831 made him a celebrity and defined grand opera's "decisive character." Les Huguenots (1836) and Le prophète (1849) marked his peak; L'Africaine appeared only after his death on 2 May 1864. Simultaneously he served as Prussian Court Kapellmeister from 1832 and General Music Director from 1843, shaping opera across Germany and enabling…
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