Flemish geographer, cosmographer and cartographer (1512–1594)
He made the sea legible. Mercator's 1569 projection turned every ocean route into a straight line on paper—a trick of geometry that navigators still rely on, even though it warps the poles into oblivion.
Born into a Catholic family in Flanders in 1512, Mercator built his reputation as a maker of globes and scientific instruments, selling them across Europe for six decades. He rarely traveled; his geography came from a library of over a thousand books and correspondence in six languages with merchants, seamen, and scholars. In 1569 he published the world map that bore his name—a projection representing sailing courses of constant bearing as straight lines, revolutionizing navigation. Accused of heresy by Catholic authorities, he spent six months in prison before his release, then left Leuven fo…
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