American politician (1920–2021)
He held four different Cabinet posts across two presidencies — a feat matched by only one other American — and as Reagan's secretary of state helped broker the thaw with Gorbachev that unwound the Cold War.
Born in New York City on December 13, 1920, Shultz grew up in New Jersey, served in the Marines during World War II, then earned a doctorate in industrial economics from MIT and taught there until 1957. After a stint on Eisenhower's Council of Economic Advisers and a turn as dean of the University of Chicago's business school, Nixon tapped him as Labor secretary in 1969, where he imposed the Philadelphia Plan — the federal government's first use of racial quotas to force construction contractors to hire black workers. He became the first director of the Office of Management and Budget in 1970,…
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