Fuad I of Egypt

Fuad I was the ninth ruler from the Muhammad Ali dynasty, born 26 March 1868 into a lineage that had governed Egypt for generations. He came to power in 1917, succeeding his elder brother Hussein Kamel at a moment when the old order was crumbling. Five years later, in 1922, the United Kingdom unilaterally declared Egyptian independence, and Fuad exchanged the title of Sultan for King of Egypt and the Sudan — a symbolic elevation that marked the end of Ottoman trappings and the beginning of a new, if still constrained, era. He held the throne until his death on 28 April 1936, spanning two decad…