Enver Pasha

İsmail Enver joined the Committee of Union and Progress while stationed in Ottoman Macedonia and became a key leader of the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, hailed as "hero of the revolution" for reestablishing constitutional democracy. A series of crises left him disillusioned with liberal Ottomanism, and after the 1913 coup brought the CUP directly to power, he became War Minister and de facto Commander-in-Chief. He forged an alliance with Germany and brought the Ottoman Empire into World War I, then led a disastrous attack at the Battle of Sarikamish and blamed Armenians for the defeat. Along with Talaat Pasha, he became one of the principal perpetrators of the late Ottoman genocides, responsible for the deaths of between 800,000 and 1,500,000 Armenians, 750,000 Assyrians, and 500,000 Greeks. After Ottoman defeat, he fled the empire; a military tribunal convicted him and sentenced him to death in absentia. He died in 1922 leading the Basmachi Revolt against the Bolsheviks in Central Asia.