Grand Duchess of Luxembourg from 1919 to 1964
She inherited a throne her sister lost to scandal, held it through exile and enemy occupation, and ruled Luxembourg longer than any grand duke or duchess since 1815—then walked away on her own terms.
Charlotte became Grand Duchess on 14 January 1919 after her sister Marie-Adélaïde abdicated under political pressure for her conduct during the German occupation in World War I; a referendum kept the monarchy intact with Charlotte at its head. She married Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma that November and had six children. When Germany invaded again in 1940, she fled—France, Portugal, Britain, North America—broadcasting to her people from exile. She returned in April 1945. On 12 November 1964, she abdicated in favor of her son Jean. She died of cancer on 9 July 1985, the last agnatic member of th…
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