Carneades
Ancient Greek philosopher · Academics · Lived 213 BC to 129 BC · aged 84
Carneades is read about 123 times a day, in 42 languages.
A typical day, 30 days to 7 October 2026
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Something wrong?He went to Rome in 155 BC and lectured on the impossibility of certain knowledge about justice - and scandalized the city's politicians. Carneades led the Skeptical Academy and left no writings, only a method: doubt everything, act on what seems probable.
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About this person
Born in Cyrene around 214/3 BC, Carneades became scholarch of the Academy and the sharpest critic of Stoic and Epicurean certainties. In 155 BC he was sent with two other philosophers to Rome, where his lectures unsettled the establishment by arguing that neither senses nor reason could deliver truth. What survived him was a pragmatic compromise: we can't know, but we can weigh what's persuasive - an argument earns provisional trust if it's convincing, consistent with other claims, and holds up under testing. His student Clitomachus recorded the ideas; Clitomachus's books vanished, but Cicero and Sextus Empiricus passed the core forward. He died around 129/8 BC, having built a framework for acting without certainty.
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