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Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim

Finnish military leader and statesman (1867-1951) · Finland · Politicians · Died at 83 · also Russia

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He fought for the Russian Empire, then against the Bolsheviks to secure Finland's independence, led the country through two wars with the Soviet Union, and died revered as the greatest Finn of all time - a monarchist who ratified a republic, a general who became president, a man who parceled out survival against...

PoliticiansScientistChemistryPolitics19th Century

A life in dates

1951Died27 January 19511944Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak LeavesAwardPresident of FinlandOffice1944-19461942Grand Officer of the Military Order of SavoyAwardOrder of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers, 1st classAward1941Clasp to the Iron Cross of 1914, 2nd classAwardMannerheim Cross 2nd ClassAwardOrder of Michael the Brave, 3rd classAward1940Medal of Liberty, 1st Class with rosette, of the Order of the Cross of LibertyAward1939Grand Cross of the Legion of HonourAwardChief of DefenceOffice1939-194519301st Class of the Military Order of the Cross of the EagleAward1919Knight of the Order of the ElephantAward1918Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of LibertyAwardMemorial medal of the War of LiberationAwardRegent of FinlandOffice1918-19191916Order of St. Vladimir 2nd class with swordsAward1914Gold Sword for BraveryAward1867Born4 June 1867

Also in Deutsch

Photos 12

The Mannerheim siblings, c. 1880; Gustaf is standing on the rightThe Mannerheim siblings, c. 1880; Gustaf is standing on the rightMannerheim (right) with a fellow student, Antanas Ričardas Druvė, in Nicholas Cavalry College, Saint Petersburg, late 1880s.Mannerheim (right) with a fellow student, Antanas Ričardas Druvė, in Nicholas Cavalry College, Saint Petersburg, late 1880s.After his coronation, Nicholas II of Russia leaves Dormition Cathedral. The Chevalier Guard Lieutenant marching in front to the Tsar's left (to the viewer's right) is Mannerheim.After his coronation, Nicholas II of Russia leaves Dormition Cathedral. The Chevalier Guard Lieutenant marching in front to the Tsar's left (to the viewer's right) is Mannerheim.Gustaf Mannerheim's route across Asia from Saint Petersburg to Peking, 1906-1908.[66]Gustaf Mannerheim's route across Asia from Saint Petersburg to Peking, 1906-1908.[66]The expedition of MannerheimThe expedition of MannerheimKurmanjan Datka on horseback, photograph taken by Carl Gustaf Emil MannerheimKurmanjan Datka on horseback, photograph taken by Carl Gustaf Emil MannerheimAnastasia Arapova, Mannerheim's wife, in 1896Anastasia Arapova, Mannerheim's wife, in 1896

Awards

Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland1944
Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the White Rose of Finland1944
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves1944
Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers, 1st class1942
Grand Cross of the Order of the German Eagle in Gold with Swords1942
Grand Cross with Holy Crown of the Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary1942
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword1942
Order of the Crown of King Zvonimir1942
Grand Officer of the Military Order of Savoy1942
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross1941
Clasp to the Iron Cross of 1914, 2nd class1941
Mannerheim Cross 1st Class1941
Order of Michael the Brave, 1st class1941
Order of Michael the Brave, 2nd class1941
Order of Michael the Brave, 3rd class1941
Mannerheim Cross 2nd Class1941
Clasp to the Iron Cross of 1914, 1st class1941
Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Liberty1940
Medal of Liberty, 1st Class with rosette, of the Order of the Cross of Liberty1940
Memorial medal of the Winter War1940
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour1939
Order of the German Eagle, 1st class with Swords1939
Estonian Red Cross Order First Class1932
Cross of Merit of the Red Cross of Finland1932
1st Class of the Military Order of the Cross of the Eagle1930
Decoration of the Danish Red Cross1926
Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the White Rose of Finland1919
Knight of the Order of the Elephant1919
Royal Order of the Seraphim1919
Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Liberty1918
Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class1918
Iron Cross (1914), 1st class1918
Order of the Sword - Commander Grand Cross1918
Cross of Liberty, 1st Class1918
Cross of Liberty, 4th Class1918
Memorial medal of the War of Liberation1918
Order of St. Vladimir 2nd class with swords1916
Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class with Swords1914
Order of St. George, 4th class1914
Gold Sword for Bravery1914

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Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim

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About this person

Born into Swedish-speaking aristocracy in the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1867, Mannerheim rose to lieutenant general in the Imperial Russian Army, serving through the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. After Finland declared independence in December 1917, he commanded the Whites to victory in the 1918 civil war and served as regent, securing international recognition of the new republic despite his own monarchist leanings. He lost the first presidential election in 1919 and withdrew from politics, spending years leading the Red Cross and child welfare work until 1931, when he was appointed to prepare Finland's defenses against the Soviet Union. When the Soviets invaded in November 1939, he took command for what became five years of war - the Winter War, the Continuation War alongside Nazi Germany, and finally the Lapland War after Parliament unanimously made him president in 1944 to negotiate peace. He resigned in 1946, his health broken, and died in a Swiss sanatorium in 1951, leaving behind a country that called him the father of modern Finland.

Country
Finland
Category
Politicians
Type
Politician
Status
deceased
Dates
Lived 1867 to 1951 · aged 83

Politicians from Finland 6

Martti Ahtisaari69.6Sauli Niinistö66.4Sanna Marin69.6Riikka Purra66.3Alexander Stubb74.7Harry Harkimo64.8

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