Caligula
Third Roman emperor (37-41) · Italy · Politicians · Lived 12 to 41 · aged 28
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Something wrong?Roman emperor from AD 37 to 41, known primarily through accounts written by hostile senators long after his death - accounts that painted him as a deranged tyrant who worshipped himself as a god and tried to make his horse a consul. Modern historians argue much of it was exaggeration or malicious fantasy.
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Photos 12
Reconstruction drawing of the Villa Jovis on Capri, where Caligula grew up at the court of Tiberius
Caligula Depositing the Ashes of his Mother and Brother in the Tomb of his Ancestors, by Eustache Le Sueur, 1647.![Quadrans celebrating the abolition of a tax in AD 38 by Caligula. The obverse of the coin contains a picture of a Pileus which symbolizes the liberation of the people from the tax burden. Caption: .mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}GAIUS"}]]}">c caesar divi AUGUSTUS"}]]}">avg PRONEPOS"}]]}">pron AUGUSTUS (i.e. Gaius Caesar, great-grandson of the Divine Augustus)"}]]}">avg / PONTIFEX MAXIMUS"}]]}">pon m, PATER PATRIAE"}]]}">pp CONSUL DESIGNATUS"}]]}">cos des RES CIVIUM CONSERVATAE (i.e. the interests of citizens have been preserved)"}]]}">rcc.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/RIC_0039.jpg/500px-RIC_0039.jpg)
Quadrans celebrating the abolition of a tax in AD 38 by Caligula. The obverse of the coin contains a picture of a Pileus which symbolizes the liberation of the people from the tax burden. Caption: .mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}GAIUS"}]]}">c caesar divi AUGUSTUS"}]]}">avg PRONEPOS"}]]}">pron AUGUSTUS (i.e. Gaius Caesar, great-grandson of the Divine Augustus)"}]]}">avg / PONTIFEX MAXIMUS"}]]}">pon m, PATER PATRIAE"}]]}">pp CONSUL DESIGNATUS"}]]}">cos des RES CIVIUM CONSERVATAE (i.e. the interests of citizens have been preserved)"}]]}">rcc.
The adlocutio cohortium of Caligula on a coin, giving a speech to the armyFamily
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Born in AD 12 as Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, he earned the nickname "Caligula" from his father's soldiers in Germania when he was barely five. His father Germanicus died in AD 19, and his mother Agrippina's feud with Emperor Tiberius destroyed the family, leaving Caligula the sole male survivor. He joined Tiberius on Capri in 31 and inherited the throne in 37 at twenty-four. Early sources claim he began well - generous and fair - then descended into cruelty, extravagance, and sadism, demanding worship and humiliating the Senate. He built aqueducts, expanded infrastructure, annexed Mauretania, but abandoned an invasion of Britain. In early 41, Praetorian officers and senators stabbed him to death in what may have been an attempt to restore the Republic - a plan the Praetorians scuttled by immediately proclaiming his uncle Claudius emperor.
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