Bayezid I
Fourth Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1389-1402) · Turkey · Writers · Lived 1354 to 1403 · aged 49
Bayezid I is read about 2,137 times a day, in 78 languages.
A typical day, 30 days to 15 October 2026
The middle day of the days counted, so one week of news cannot move it. The line under it is the last 390 days, one point a day.
Something wrong?The Ottoman sultan who crushed a European crusade, swallowed Anatolia whole, and twice laid siege to Constantinople - only to meet Timur on the field at Ankara, lose everything in an afternoon, and die in a conqueror's cage.
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._Ahmed%C3%AE%2C_Iskendername%2C_VBNM%2C_circa_1460.%2C_Cod._Or._XC_(57)%2C_y._240b.jpg?width=1200)
The accession of Sultan Bayezid I (enthroned). Ahmedî, Iskendername, VBNM, circa 1460., Cod. Or. XC (57), y. 240b_MET_ISL96.jpg?width=1200)
"Sultan Bayazid before Timur", Folio from an Akbarnama (History of Akbar) MET ISL96._The_forces_of_Timur_and_Yildirim_Beyazit_arm_for_battle%2C_early_on_20_July_1402._Zafarnama_of_1436%2C_facing_folios_360r_(left)%2C_359v_(right).jpg?width=1200)
Battle of Ankara (1402). The forces of Timur and Yildirim Beyazit arm for battle, early on 20 July 1402. Zafarnama of 1436, facing folios 360r (left), 359v (right)._H%C3%BCnern%C3%A2me_of_1588_by_Lokman.jpg?width=1200)
Bayezid I, "The Thunderbolt," Routs the Crusaders at the Battle of Nicopolis (1396). Hünernâme of 1588 by Lokman._H%C3%BCnern%C3%A2me_of_1588_by_Lokman.jpg?width=1200)
Bayezid I, "The Thunderbolt," Routs the Crusaders at the Battle of Nicopolis (1396, detail). Hünernâme of 1588 by Lokman%2C_Library_of_the_Topkapi_Palace_Museum%2C_Hazine_1523%2C_f._96b.jpg?width=1200)
Bayezid I. Hüner-nāme (1584), Library of the Topkapi Palace Museum, Hazine 1523, f. 96b
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Bayezid I became sultan in 1389 and moved fast enough to earn the nickname "Thunderbolt." He claimed the title Sultan-i Rûm - sultan of Rome - and set his sights on Constantinople, besieging it without success in 1394. Two years later he shattered a crusader army at Nicopolis in what is now Bulgaria, the kind of victory that makes mapmakers nervous. He spent the next years annexing or vassalizing every beylik in Anatolia, consolidating an empire that had been a patchwork. In 1402 he returned to Constantinople and the siege looked promising this time - until Timur, the Turco-Mongol conqueror, invaded from the east. Bayezid withdrew to meet him and was defeated and captured at the Battle of Ankara. He died in Timur's custody in March 1403, and his sons tore the empire into civil war.
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