Artemisia I of Caria
5th century BC queen of Halicarnassus, Kos, Nisyros and Kalymnos
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She commanded her own warships for Xerxes against the Greeks at Salamis — a queen fighting on the Persian side while most of the Greek world called her a traitor, yet even Herodotus, who came from her own city, couldn't help praising her nerve.
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Artemisia ruled Halicarnassus and three nearby islands around 480 BC, inheriting Carian-Greek lineage from her father Lygdamis I and Cretan Greek roots from her mother. When Xerxes I invaded Greece, she joined him as an ally, personally commanding ships at Artemisium and then at the pivotal naval clash at Salamis. Herodotus, himself from Halicarnassus, recorded her battlefield courage and the unusual respect Xerxes showed her — a Greek queen fighting for Persia, remembered by her own countryman not with contempt but with something close to admiration.
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- WikipediaHigh confidencewikipedia · en.wikipedia.org
- WikidataHigh confidencewikidata · wikidata.org
- Pantheon 2.0High confidencedatabase · pantheon.world
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