Artaxerxes II of Persia
The 10th Achaemenid Emperor (404–358 BC)
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He held the Achaemenid throne for nearly half a century, but spent most of it putting down revolts — first his own brother's army at Cunaxa, then Cyprus, then Phoenicia, then a coordinated uprising of his western governors that dragged through two decades.
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Artaxerxes II became King of Kings in 405/4 BC after his father Darius II died, his mother Parysatis. Within months his younger brother Cyrus the Younger raised troops from Lydia, Ionia, and Greek mercenary companies and marched for the throne. The brothers met at Cunaxa in 401 BC; Cyrus was killed and his bid collapsed. What followed was a long chain of rebellions: Evagoras I in Cyprus from 391 to 380 BC, the Phoenicians around 380 BC, and then the Great Satraps' Revolt through the 360s and 350s BC, led by his own governors Datames, Ariobarzanes, and Autophradates. He ruled until 359/8 BC. Ce…
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- WikidataHigh confidencewikidata · wikidata.org
- WikipediaHigh confidencewikipedia · en.wikipedia.org
- Pantheon 2.0High confidencedatabase · pantheon.world