André Masséna
French military commander during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1758-1817) · France · Politicians · Died at 58
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Something wrong?Napoleon called him "the dear child of victory" and "the greatest name of my military empire" - remarkable praise from a man not known for it.
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Born Andrea Massena on 6 May 1758, he started as a common soldier under the ancien régime and rose through merit alone during the Revolutionary Wars, becoming one of the Republic's best generals. He served as Napoleon Bonaparte's main lieutenant in the Italian campaign, playing decisive roles at Arcole and Rivoli, then led the advance into Austria that forced peace negotiations. In 1799 he defeated the Second Coalition at the Second Battle of Zurich, a victory with major strategic consequences. Under the Empire he campaigned in Italy again in 1805, invaded Naples in 1806, and fought at Aspern-Essling and Wagram in 1809, earning the titles Duke of Rivoli and Prince of Essling. His failed invasion of Portugal in 1810 cost him Napoleon's favor and ended his major commands. He rallied to the Bourbons after the Empire fell and died in Paris on 4 April 1817, at fifty-eight.
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