King of Jerusalem (1136-1174) (r.1163-1174)
King of Jerusalem for eleven years in the mid-twelfth century, Amalric earned recognition from his Muslim enemies as the bravest and cleverest of the crusader monarchs — high praise in an era defined by collision between cross and crescent.
The younger son of King Fulk and Queen Melisende, Amalric sided with his mother when his elder brother Baldwin III deposed her in 1152, but the brothers reconciled two years later. Made count of Jaffa and Ascalon, he married Agnes of Courtenay in 1157 and had two children, Sibylla and the future Baldwin IV. When Baldwin III died in 1163, the Church forced Amalric to annul his marriage before crowning him king on 18 February. His reign became a relentless contest with Nur al-Din Zengi and a fixation on Egypt: Amalric invaded repeatedly, supporting rival viziers and taking Alexandria in 1167, bu…
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