King of Spain from 1886 to 1931 (1886–1941)
A king from birth who never learned to let go. Alfonso XIII spent three decades trying to hold Spain together through war, assassination attempts, and constitutional crisis — then backed a dictator, lost his bet, and walked into exile the day the republic was declared.
Alfonso XIII became King of Spain the moment he was born in 1886, his father having died months earlier. His mother served as regent until he took full powers at sixteen in 1902, four years after Spain's defeat in the Spanish–American War left the country searching for renewal. He married Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg in 1906; a bomb thrown at their wedding carriage missed them both. During World War I, he used his ties to European royalty to maintain Spain's neutrality and worked with the European War Office, earning a Nobel Peace Prize nomination in 1917 — the only monarch ever nom…
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