Albrecht Kossel
German biochemist and pioneer in the study of genetics
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He identified the five chemical building blocks—adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil—that spell out inheritance in every living cell, work that earned him the 1910 Nobel and set the stage for cracking DNA itself.
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Born in 1853, Kossel trained under Felix Hoppe-Seyler and spent his career dismantling the molecular architecture of life. He isolated and described the five organic compounds present in nucleic acid, then pushed into protein composition, predicting the polypeptide backbone before anyone could prove it. From 1895 until his death in 1927 he edited the Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie, shaping a generation of biochemists—Henry Drysdale Dakin, Edwin B. Hart, and Friedrich Miescher among them. The Nobel came in 1910 for determining the chemical composition of nucleic acids. Today a neuroregen…
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