13th Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate and 2nd from the Khalji dynasty (1266-1316)
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He killed his predecessor to seize the throne, then spent two decades beating back Mongol armies at the gates of Delhi while carving through kingdoms across the subcontinent. Alauddin Khalji turned the Delhi Sultanate into an empire through calculated violence and relentless expansion.
Born Ali Gurshasp around 1266, Alauddin was nephew and son-in-law to Sultan Jalaluddin, who handed him ceremonial duties before granting him governorships after successful campaigns. In 1296 he raided Devagiri, used the plunder to fund a coup, and murdered Jalaluddin to take the throne. Over the next decade he repelled Mongol invasions at Jaran-Manjur, Sivistan, Kili, Delhi, and Amroha, culminating in a rout near the Ravi in 1306 that sent his generals into Mongol Afghanistan. His armies swallowed Gujarat, Jaisalmer, Ranthambore, Chittor, Malwa, Siwana, and Jalore, erasing the Paramaras, Vaghe…
Sourced, dated quotes from Alauddin Khalji
On Tuesday, the 3rd of Ziqad in AH 700 (10 July, 1301), the strong fort [of Ranthambhor] was conquered. Jhain which was the abode of the infidels, became a new city for Musalmans.
They took captive a great number of handsome and elegant maidens, amounting to 20,000, and children of both sexes, 'more than the pen can enumerate'...
When he advanced from the capital of Karra, the Hindus, in alarm, descended into the earth like ants.
But see the mercy with which he regarded the brokenhearted, for, after seizing the rai, he set him free again.
After returning to Birdhul, he again pursued the Raja to Kandur' The Rai again escaped him, and he ordered a general massacre at Kandur.
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