Alauddin Khalji
13th Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate and 2nd from the Khalji dynasty (1266-1316) · India · Politicians · Died at 50
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A typical day, 30 days to 15 October 2026
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Something wrong?He killed his predecessor to seize the throne, then spent two decades beating back Mongol armies at the gates of Delhi while carving through kingdoms across the subcontinent. Alauddin Khalji turned the Delhi Sultanate into an empire through calculated violence and relentless expansion.
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The Execution of Jalal-al-Din Firuzshah II (r1290-96), Jami al-Tawarikh (Alauddin Khalji detail).jpg?width=1200)
Ala-ud-Din moves camp (6125126434).jpg?width=1200)
Ala-ud-Din receives Molhan (6125126336)
Alauddin Khilji Conquering Ranthamore Fort, Kangra school, watercolor, Tokyo National Museum
Courts outside Quwwat ul-Islam mosque, Qutb complex
Portrait of Sultan 'Ala-ud-Din, Padshah of Delhi
Sultan Alau'd Din put to Flight%2C_Jami_al-Tawarikh.jpg?width=1200)
The Execution of Jalal-al-Din Firuzshah II (r1290-96), Jami al-TawarikhIn their own words 10
, On Tuesday, the 3rd of Ziqad in AH 700 (10 July, 1301), the strong fort [of Ranthambhor] was conquered. Jhain which was the abode of the infidels, became a new city for Musalmans.
They took captive a great number of handsome and elegant maidens, amounting to 20,000, and children of both sexes, 'more than the pen can enumerate'...
When he advanced from the capital of Karra, the Hindus, in alarm, descended into the earth like ants.
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Born Ali Gurshasp around 1266, Alauddin was nephew and son-in-law to Sultan Jalaluddin, who handed him ceremonial duties before granting him governorships after successful campaigns. In 1296 he raided Devagiri, used the plunder to fund a coup, and murdered Jalaluddin to take the throne. Over the next decade he repelled Mongol invasions at Jaran-Manjur, Sivistan, Kili, Delhi, and Amroha, culminating in a rout near the Ravi in 1306 that sent his generals into Mongol Afghanistan. His armies swallowed Gujarat, Jaisalmer, Ranthambore, Chittor, Malwa, Siwana, and Jalore, erasing the Paramaras, Vaghelas, and Chahamana dynasties; his slave-general Malik Kafur pushed south of the Vindhyas, forcing the Yadava, Kakatiya, and Hoysala kings into tributary submission and looting the Pandya kingdom. Illness overtook him in his final years, leaving administration to Kafur, who tried installing Alauddin's son as a puppet after his death on 4 January 1316 - until another son, Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah, seized power for himself.
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