Polish national poet, dramatist, essayist, publicist, translator, and political activist (1798-1855)
He wrote the lines that opened Lithuania's national anthem and the epic that stirred uprisings against the empires that had erased Poland from the map. Mickiewicz turned Romantic verse into a blueprint for resistance.
Born on 24 December 1798 in the Russian-occupied remnants of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Mickiewicz became a poet when his country no longer existed on any map. His activism earned him five years of exile in central Russia; in 1829 he escaped the empire and never returned. He settled first in Rome, then Paris, where he lectured on Slavic literature at the Collège de France until his entanglement with the mysticism of Andrzej Towiański cost him the position. The poetic drama Dziady and the national epic Pan Tadeusz—along with Konrad Wallenrod and Grażyna—became fuel for insurrection acr…
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