Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr

Born in May 624, son of a Companion and grandson of the first caliph Abu Bakr, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr rode out with his father on the early conquests through Syria, Egypt, and North Africa. He fought beside his aunt Aisha against Ali in the First Fitna, then kept a low profile under Mu'awiya I — until he opposed the succession becoming hereditary. When Yazid died in 683, Ibn al-Zubayr proclaimed himself caliph in Mecca. Umayyad authority collapsed; most provinces accepted him, at least in name. But his refusal to leave the holy city meant he governed little beyond the Hejaz, relying on his br…