Witold Pilecki
Polish underground resistance soldier, World War II concentration camp resistance leader (1901-1948) · Poland · On the map · Died at 47
He volunteered for Auschwitz. In 1940, Pilecki let the Germans arrest him so he could be sent inside the camp, where he built a resistance network of hundreds, smuggled out intelligence on the machinery of extermination, and escaped three years later to keep fighting.
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I found a joy in myself, coming from the awareness that I want to fight.
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Pilecki came up through Polish scouting and militia in the aftermath of World War I, fought in the Polish-Soviet War, and in 1939 saw his country overrun by Germany and the Soviets. He co-founded the Secret Polish Army resistance, then orchestrated his own capture in 1940 to infiltrate Auschwitz. Inside, he organized inmates and compiled reports on German atrocities that reached the Home Army and the Allies. He broke out in April 1943, fought in the Warsaw Uprising the following year, and was interned as a POW. After the war, loyal to the London government-in-exile, he returned to communist Poland in 1945 to report on conditions - first compiling Witold's Report, a detailed record of what he'd seen. In 1947 the secret police arrested him for serving "foreign imperialism." He was tortured, tried, and executed in Warsaw in 1948 at forty-seven. The communist state buried his story for decades.