Wang Tingxiang

Wang Tingxiang was a Chinese scholar-official, Confucian philosopher, and writer during the Ming dynasty. He is associated with a strand of Ming thought that challenged both orthodox Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism and the idealism of Wang Yangming, emphasising the primacy of qi in explaining the nature of reality. In addition to his philosophical writings, he held several high-ranking government posts and participated in influential literary circles of his time.