Umar
2nd Rashidun Caliph from 634 to 644 · Politicians · Lived 586 to 644 · aged 58
Umar is read about 2,854 times a day, in 140 languages.
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Something wrong?The second caliph of Islam presided over the fastest territorial expansion in early Islamic history, conquering the Persian Empire and most of Byzantine territory in a decade - then was killed by a Persian slave in 644.
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For those who practise tyranny and deprive others of their rights, I will be harsh and stern, but for those who follow the law, I will be most soft and tender.
I will be harsh and stern against the aggressor, but I will be a pillar of strength for the weak.
Remember, I have not appointed you as commanders and tyrants over the people. I have sent you as leaders instead, so that the people may follow your example.
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Umar ibn al-Khattab opposed Muhammad at first, a distant kinsman from the Quraysh who stood against the new faith. He converted in 616 and became the first Muslim to pray openly at the Kaaba, earning the title al-Fārūq - "the Distinguisher" - for his judgment. After Muhammad's death in 632, he served as chief adviser to the first caliph Abu Bakr, who nominated him as successor in 634. His eight-year reign redrew the map: the Sasanian Empire fell completely within two years, and more than two-thirds of Byzantium followed. Jewish tradition credits him with reversing the Christian ban on Jews in Jerusalem. He introduced the Hijri Calendar and is remembered in Sunni Islam as a model of justice, though Twelver Shia tradition views him harshly. A Persian slave named Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz killed him in 644.
Politicians born in the 580s 6
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