Tristan Tzara is read about 353 times a day, in 68 languages.
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Something wrong?He co-founded Dada, the anti-art movement that mocked reason itself. At Cabaret Voltaire in wartime Zurich, Tzara turned poetry into performance chaos - nonsense manifestos, nihilist spectacle - then carried the revolt to Paris, where it fractured into Surrealism and he kept reinventing what a poem could be.
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In their own words 10
, I know that you have come here today to hear explanations. Well, don't expect to hear any explanations about Dada. You explain to me why you exist. You haven't the faintest idea.
Dada is not at all modern. It is more in the nature of a return to an almost Buddhist religion of indifference.
Nothing is more delightful than to confuse and upset people. People one doesn't like. What's the use of giving them explanations that are merely food for curiosity?
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Born Samuel Rosenstock in Romania in 1896, he published Symbolist work as a teenager with Ion Vinea and painter Marcel Janco before the war sent him to Switzerland. There he staged the provocations that made Dada a movement: performances at Cabaret Voltaire, manifestos that championed chaos over Hugo Ball's gentler line. Moving to Paris in 1919, he joined Littérature and became one of Dada's "presidents," then broke with André Breton and Picabia as the movement splintered. His plays The Gas Heart and Handkerchief of Clouds pushed Dadaist theatre; his poem "The Approximate Man" marked his turn toward Surrealism. He spent his later decades as a committed anti-fascist and communist, fighting with Republicans in Spain, joining the French Resistance, serving in the National Assembly, and speaking out for Hungarian liberalization in 1956 before distancing himself from the Party. He died in Paris on Christmas Day, 1963.
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