Toghon Temür
Yuan and Northern Yuan emperor from 1333 to 1370
- Fame56.6
- Momentum0.7
- Scientists rank#247
Source-basedFalling
- Fame56.6
- Momentum0.7
- Scientists rank#247
- Wikipedia28.1K
Lived 1320–1370, aged 50
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Summary
Updated 2026-06-11
The last emperor to rule China from the Mongol throne, watching his dynasty collapse under rebellion and natural disaster before retreating to the steppe — a sovereign who lost an empire but kept the title.
Biography
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Toghon Temür took the throne in 1333 after years of succession fights following his father Kusala's death, spending his early reign under the shadow of powerful ministers like El Temür and Bayan until he orchestrated Bayan's ousting in 1340. Under minister Toqto'a, the court completed official histories of three predecessor dynasties, but the 1350s brought catastrophe: natural disasters and fiscal collapse ignited the Red Turban Rebellion in 1351. By 1368, the rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang had founded the Ming dynasty and taken Khanbaliq, forcing Toghon Temür north to the Mongolian steppe where h…
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Fame
Falling56.6
Composite of search demand, mentions, audience & graph footprint.
Score components
Momentum0.7
Historical22.8
Source confidence60.0
Completeness60.0
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- WikipediaHigh confidencewikipedia · en.wikipedia.org
- WikidataHigh confidencewikidata · wikidata.org
- Pantheon 2.0High confidencedatabase · pantheon.world
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