Steve Biko
✓ Source-basedfallingSouth African anti-apartheid activist (1946-1977)
in South AfricaBeaten to death in a police cell at thirty, Biko built the movement that told black South Africans their minds were the first territory to reclaim. His slogan was "black is beautiful" - not a platitude but a demand to shed every reflex of inferiority before the fight could be won.
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Photos 6
Biko was briefly educated at the Lovedale boarding school in Alice.
Steve Biko's house in Ginsberg, Eastern Cape
Biko became a close friend of white liberal activist Donald Woods, who wrote a book about Biko after his death.
Steve Biko on a stained glass window in the Saint Anna Church in Heerlen, the Netherlands
Biko's grave in Ginsberg cemetery, King William's TownIn their orbit 4
Politicians from South Africa 6
About this person
Born into a poor Xhosa family in Ginsberg township, Biko arrived at medical school in 1966 and found the anti-apartheid groups run by white liberals who could not see what they were missing. In 1968 he founded the South African Students' Organisation, open only to blacks - a term he widened to include Coloureds and Indians - to build power without paternalism. Drawing on Frantz Fanon, he made Black Consciousness the doctrine: psychological liberation before political freedom, community programmes to prove self-sufficiency, a push toward universal suffrage and a socialist future. The government banned him in 1973, choked his movement, and detained him repeatedly. In August 1977 they arrested him again. The security officers beat him until he died. Over twenty thousand came to bury him, and his name became the one that would not stay buried.
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