Sophie Freud

Miriam Sophie Freud was an Austrian American clinical social worker, educator, and author. The granddaughter of Sigmund Freud, she was a critic of psychoanalysis, aspects of which she described as "narcissistic indulgence". Her criticisms of the elder Freud's psychoanalytical doctrines made her the "black sheep" of the family — yet she observed how all of her female relatives, including her mother, Ernestine, and aunt Anna, were adversely affected by Sigmund's claims about women and their internal experiences.