Sir James Wylie

Sir James Wylie, 1st Baronet was a Scottish physician known in Russia as Я́ков Васи́льевич Ви́ллие. He served from 1790 until his death in 1854 in the Imperial Russian army as a battlefield surgeon or as the director of army medicine, or concurrently as both; also from 1798 until 1854 as an Imperial Court physician; and from 1808 to 1838 as president of Saint Petersburg's Medico-Chirurgical Academy and its annex at Moscow. He participated as a battlefield surgeon in 40 major battles, and in about half of these directed the army's entire medical services. He is widely considered the foremost contributor to the creation of battlefield medicine, and to major developments in military medical training within Imperial Russia during the first half of 19th century. He is well known within Russia, but not elsewhere.