Richard I of England
King of England from 1189 to 1199 (1157-1199) · United Kingdom · Historical Figures · Died at 41
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Something wrong?A king who barely lived in his kingdom. Richard spent perhaps six months of his ten-year reign in England, treating it as a treasury for his wars abroad while crusading, sitting in captivity, and defending French territories - yet became the enduring symbol of English kingship for four centuries after his death.
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King Richard I's Great Seal of 1189
The Angevin domains (in various shades of red) on the continent, which Richard eventually inherited from his parents![Geoffrey de Rancon's Château de Taillebourg, the castle Richard retreated to after Henry II's forces captured 60 knights and 400 archers who fought for Richard when Saintes was captured.[36]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Taillebourg_Chte-Mme_005.jpg/1280px-Taillebourg_Chte-Mme_005.jpg)
Geoffrey de Rancon's Château de Taillebourg, the castle Richard retreated to after Henry II's forces captured 60 knights and 400 archers who fought for Richard when Saintes was captured.[36]
A silver denier of Richard, struck in his capacity as count of Poitiers
Richard I in profile, funerary effigy above the tomb containing his heart in Rouen Cathedral (early 13th century)
Richard I being anointed during his coronation in Westminster Abbey in 1189, from a 13th-century chronicle
Silver penny of Richard I, York Museums TrustIn their own words 3
, We, however, place the love of God and His honour above our own and above the acquisition of many regions.
If it had not been for his malice, forcing me to return, I would have been able to recover the whole of Outremer.
Stick to your own grammar, my lord, for it is much better.
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Born 8 September 1157, the third of five sons to Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Richard wasn't expected to inherit the crown until his older brothers died before their father. By 16 he commanded his own army, crushing rebellions in Poitou. He became King of England in 1189 and almost immediately left for the Third Crusade, where he led Christian forces after Philip II of France withdrew and scored victories against Saladin - but never retook Jerusalem. He spent most of his adult life in Aquitaine, spoke French and Occitan, and after his accession devoted his reign to crusading, imprisonment, and defending the Angevin Empire's French lands. He died 6 April 1199, having been seen by contemporaries as the model of chivalry, later dismissed by historians as a king who milked England for cash, and now reconsidered as an iconic figure whose legend outlasted the anachronism.
Historical Figures from the United Kingdom 6
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