Refaat Al-Gammal
✓ Source-basedrisingEgyptian spy hero (1927-1982)
Refaat Ali Suleiman al-Gammal, better known for his code name "Raafat al-Haggan", was an Egyptian intelligence officer regarded as one of the most prominent agents of the Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate (EGID).
Photos 9
Jacques Bitton at the age of 29, 1956.
IDF Chief of Staff David Elazar with Northern Command during the Yom Kippur War. From right: Gadi Zohar; Yekutiel Adam; David Elazar; Eli Zeira; Rehavam Ze'evi (standing, dark glasses); Mordechai Hod; Yitzhak Hofi (pointing at map).
Execution of Eli Cohen by hanging at Marjeh Square, 18 May 1965.
Rafat El Gammal and his wife Waltraud Beton, 1963.Nearby in business professionals 6
About this person
Refaat Ali Suleiman al-Gammal, better known for his code name "Raafat al-Haggan", was an Egyptian intelligence officer regarded as one of the most prominent agents of the Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate (EGID). He was operating under the alias "Jacques Bitton", and he lived in Israel for 17 years and embedded himself in local society. Egyptian intelligence selected the surname "Bitton" because it is common among Jews of Moroccan and other North African origins, which strengthened the plausibility of his cover.
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