Ramzi Nafi Rashid Agha

Ramzi Nafi (1917-1949) was a Kurdish nationalist who joined Nazi Germany’s military intelligence in 1942 for an unsuccessful operation aimed at overthrowing British governance in Iraq during World War II in 1943. In return the Germans, would establish an autonomous Kurdish state, under his leadership. There is ongoing debate regarding whether he followed National Socialist ideology or whether collaboration with the Nazi regime was purely opportunistic in the pursuit of Kurdish independence. Due to his pivotal role in the failed Operation Mammoth, Ramzi remains an extremely polarizing figure who is revered by some yet reviled by others in recent Kurdish history.