Ptolemaeus of Commagene

Ptolemy was a Seleucid official who became the first independent ruler of Commagene. He belonged to, or claimed descent from, the Orontid dynasty, an Iranian dynasty which had long dominated the region and traced its lineage to the Achaemenid satraps of Armenia. Though he never formally assumed the title of king during his lifetime, he is regarded as the founder of the Kingdom of Commagene and is listed among the paternal ancestors of Antiochus I of Commagene at Nemrud Dağ. His father is unknown; his paternal grandfather is recorded in the Nemrud Dağ inscriptions as Arsames I, king of Sophene.