Pope of the Catholic Church in September 1590
He held the papacy for twelve days — the shortest reign in Catholic Church history. Malaria killed him before he could even be crowned, but not before he issued the world's first public smoking ban.
Giovanni Battista Castagna was born in Rome in 1521 and built a career through the ecclesiastical bureaucracy of the Papal States: governor of Fano, Perugia, and Umbria, then Archbishop of Rossano at the Council of Trent. He served as Apostolic Nuncio to Spain and Venice, Papal legate to Flanders and Cologne, and was made a cardinal by Pope Gregory XIII in 1583. Elected pope on 15 September 1590 after the death of Sixtus V, he took the name Urban VII and was known for charity, public works, and a hard line against nepotism. Malaria took him on 27 September — twelve days in, never crowned. He l…
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