Pope of the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1389 (1318–1389)
The last pope elected from outside the College of Cardinals, and the man whose election triggered the Western Schism — a forty-year fracture that left Christendom with two rival popes, two obediences, and no clear way out.
Bartolomeo Prignano was born around 1318 and rose through the Church without the cardinal's hat that had become the standard credential for the papacy. Elected on 8 April 1378 as Urban VI, his pontificate came just as the papacy returned from its long Avignon exile. Almost immediately, conflict erupted: a rival faction elected Clement VII, who set up in Avignon, and Europe split down the middle. France, Castile, Aragon, and Scotland recognized Clement; much of the rest held to Urban. The Western Schism had begun, and it would outlast both men. Urban VI died in October 1389, twelve years into a…
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