Pope Lucius III

Ubaldo Allucingoli was born around 1100 to an aristocratic family in Lucca and built a long career as a papal diplomat, serving as legate in France and Sicily after being made cardinal by Pope Innocent II. He helped negotiate the Treaty of Venice in 1177 and was elected pope in 1181, taking the name Lucius III. His papacy became defined by clashes with Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I over the lands of the late Countess Matilda of Tuscany, conflicts bitter enough to drive him from Rome entirely. In 1184 he convened a synod that condemned various heretical movements, and the following year began…