Pope of the Catholic Church from 1823 to 1829
Head of the Catholic Church from 1823 to 1829, he governed through constant illness and enforced deeply conservative laws — including a prohibition on Jewish property ownership — while the Papal States slid toward financial ruin.
Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga was born on 2 August 1760. He was elected pope on 28 September 1823, taking the name Leo XII, and became both spiritual leader of the Catholic Church and temporal ruler of the Papal States. From the day of his election, he was in ill health — a condition that persisted through the rest of his reign — though he was noted for bearing pain well. His rule was marked by strict conservatism: he enacted controversial measures, including a law forbidding Jews to own property, and raised taxes in an attempt to shore up finances. The Pap…
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