Pope of the Catholic Church from 1691 to 1700
He issued the papal bull that finally broke nepotism's grip on the Vatican — forbidding popes from enriching their own families with Church money and land.
Antonio Pignatelli became Pope Innocent XII on 12 July 1691, inheriting a Church where the previous pontiff had let reform slide. He returned to the anti-nepotism campaign started by Innocent XI and hardened it into law: a papal bull that banned bestowing revenue or land on relatives outright. The decree closed the door on centuries of papal dynasties feeding at Church coffers. He ruled the Papal States under that standard until his death on 27 September 1700, at eighty-five.
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