Pope of the Catholic Church from 1676 to 1689
The pope who bankrolled Europe's fight against the Ottoman Empire and went toe-to-toe with Louis XIV. Innocent XI stripped the Vatican of excess, ran a budget surplus, and earned the title "Saviour of Hungary" for financing its liberation from Turkish rule.
Born Benedetto Odescalchi on 16 May 1611, he became pope on 21 September 1676 and immediately set about cleaning house. He slashed taxes in the Papal States, eliminated sinecures, and banned nepotism — living frugally himself and demanding the same simplicity from clergy and faithful alike. His papacy was defined by constant friction with Louis XIV of France, but his greatest legacy lay eastward: his diplomatic and financial backing proved decisive in freeing Hungary from Ottoman control. The canonization effort launched in 1791 stalled repeatedly amid controversy, finally reaching beatificati…
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