Pope of the Catholic Church (1130–1143)
A pope whose legitimacy was contested from day one — Innocent II spent the first eight years of his papacy fighting for recognition against a rival claimant, relying on imperial muscle to hold the throne.
Gregorio Papareschi was elected pope on 14 February 1130, but the election immediately fractured: supporters of Anacletus II refused to accept him, and the church split. Innocent turned to King Lothair III of Germany, striking a deal that gave him the armed backing he needed. In exchange, he crowned Lothair Holy Roman emperor. The struggle for recognition dragged on for eight years until Anacletus's death ended the schism. With his position finally secure, Innocent convened the Second Council of the Lateran before his death on 24 September 1143.
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