Pope of the Catholic Church from 1431 to 1447
A Venetian pope who resisted slavery and initially shielded Jews from forced baptism, then issued the 1442 bull that became the legal foundation for Europe's ghettos. His papacy was a fifteen-year fight: against the Colonna family, against the councils that wanted to limit papal power, against Portugal's claim to the Canaries.
Gabriele Condulmer was born in Venice in 1383, nephew to Pope Gregory XII. Elected pope on 11 March 1431, he inherited immediate conflict with the Colonna, kin of his predecessor Martin V, and spent years battling the Conciliar movement's challenge to papal authority. In 1434 he issued "Creator Omnium," blocking Portugal's conquest of the Canary Islands and its forced conversions there; he excommunicated slavers who had enslaved newly baptized Christians. Early in his reign he worked against rising anti-Semitism, issuing decrees that protected Jewish rights and forbade forced baptism. Then in…
Sourced, dated quotes from Pope Eugene IV
We decree and order that from now on, and for all time, Christians shall not eat or drink with Jews; nor admit them to feasts, nor cohabit with them, nor bathe with them.
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