Pope of the Catholic Church from 1389 to 1404
He held Rome while a rival pope held Avignon — the second pontiff to claim St. Peter's throne during the decades when Christendom had two heads and neither would blink.
Pietro Tomacelli Cybo was born around 1350 and elected pope on 2 November 1389, taking the name Boniface IX. His entire fifteen-year reign unfolded inside the Western Schism, the crisis that split the Church down the middle: he governed from Rome while Clement VII and then Benedict XIII ran a parallel papal court in Avignon under French protection. Boniface held his ground, the second Roman pope to do so after the fracture began. He died in October 1404, and no pope since has taken the name Boniface.
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