Otto Kleinschmidt
German pastor and ornithologist (1870-1954) · Germany · On the map · Actors · Died at 83
Otto Kleinschmidt was a German ornithologist, theologist and pastor. He was also an artist and taxidermist who produced specimens and illustrations of birds for his writings.
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He was critical of Darwinian ideas on evolution and natural selection and developed a kind of creationist superspecies concept called Formenkreis which involved variation with geographic dispersal that he illustrated with what he called "geogramms". He edited a periodical Falco which was a companion to a monograph series called Berajah. After speculating on the variations of birds he also examined human variation and gave theories that have been interpreted variously as a form of scientific racism.
