Romanian prince and voivode of Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldavia (1558–1601)
Born Mihai Pătrașcu, he's the only ruler to ever hold Wallachia, Moldavia, and Transylvania at once — a brief union in 1600 that made him a symbol of Romanian nationhood. He kept all three for less than a year before the great powers closed in.
Michael took Wallachia in 1593 and two years later went to war with the Ottomans, winning the Battle of Călugăreni against an army nearly triple his size before being forced to retreat and wait for allies. The war dragged on until 1599, when he turned his attention north: he defeated Andrew Báthory at Șelimbăr, entered Transylvania as imperial governor under Habsburg suzerainty, then invaded Moldavia and drove out Ieremia Movilă. For a few months he held all three principalities and changed his seal to reflect it. The Habsburgs, Ottomans, and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth all moved to break h…
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