French military officer (1872–1958)
The French general who planned to outlast Germany in a war of attrition, then watched his army collapse in nine days. Maurice Gamelin commanded the Allied forces in May 1940 when the Wehrmacht punched through the Ardennes — the gap his own troop deployments had left open.
Gamelin built his reputation in the First World War, helping plan the First Battle of the Marne in 1914 and holding off a German offensive in 1918 while badly outnumbered. He spent the interwar years heading a military mission to Brazil, crushing the Great Syrian Revolt, and climbing to the top of the French Army by 1935. A committed republican, he kept the military out of politics during the Popular Front and counselled caution through every prewar crisis. His strategy for the Second World War banked on a long blockade and slow buildup, but in March 1940 he amended his defensive plan to push…
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