Matilda of Boulogne
Countess of Boulogne and Queen Consort of England (1105-1152) · Politicians · Died at 47
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Something wrong?She held a county in her own right, wore a crown by marriage, then saved that crown by force when her husband was captured and their rival controlled London. Historians credit her with keeping Stephen on England's throne through the civil war called the Anarchy.
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Matilda inherited Boulogne and English estates from her father Count Eustace III around 1125. Her maternal uncle Henry I arranged her marriage to his nephew Stephen of Blois, but when Henry died in 1135, Stephen seized the throne Henry had meant for his daughter Empress Matilda. Civil war erupted in 1138. Matilda of Boulogne led the siege of Dover, brokered peace with Scotland, and secured alliance with France. After Stephen's capture at Lincoln in 1141, she assembled an army, allied with London's citizenry to retake the capital, then besieged the empress in Winchester and captured her commander Robert of Gloucester - trading him back for Stephen by year's end. She continued advising Stephen's government, patronized religious orders, and founded multiple abbeys and hospitals. She likely pressed Stephen to secure their son Eustace's succession; after her death in 1152, Stephen recognized the empress's son Henry as heir.
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