Louis II, Prince of Monaco
Prince of Monaco (1870-1949) · Germany · On the map · Politicians · Died at 78
He inherited a postage-stamp principality wedged between France and the sea, ruled for twenty-seven years through Depression and war, and died knowing his grandson would wear the crown - because his only child, a daughter born before his marriage, had been legitimized just in time.
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Louis Honoré Charles Antoine Grimaldi was born on 12 July 1870 into Monaco's ruling family. He became Prince of Monaco on 26 June 1922, stepping into a role that would stretch across nearly three decades. His reign carried the tiny state through the economic collapse of the 1930s and the Second World War, a test of neutrality and survival for any microstate caught between larger powers. He ruled until his death on 9 May 1949, having secured the succession through his daughter and, ultimately, a grandson who would become one of the most recognized royals of the twentieth century.