Lon Nol
Cambodian Field Marshal (1913-1985) · Cambodia · On the map · Died at 72
He overthrew a prince, abolished Cambodia's monarchy, and declared a republic - then watched it collapse in civil war. Sixteen days before the Khmer Rouge took Phnom Penh, he fled.
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Lon Nol was a Cambodian military officer who served twice as prime minister and repeatedly as defence minister before leading the 1970 coup against Prince Norodom Sihanouk. He abolished the monarchy and established the Khmer Republic, a constitutional semi-presidential system that functioned as a military dictatorship with himself as commander-in-chief. On 10 March 1972 he became president. The Cambodian Civil War ground on. On 1 April 1975, with Angkar and the Khmer Rouge closing in, he fled to Indonesia, then to Hawaii, and finally California, where he died a decade later.