French historian (1924-2014)
He spent half a century dismantling the idea that medieval Europe was a dark pause between Rome and the Renaissance — arguing instead for the Middle Ages as a civilization with its own logic, worthy of study on its terms rather than as a prelude.
Jacques Le Goff was born on 1 January 1924 and became a historian who specialized in the 12th and 13th centuries. He championed the Annales School, a movement that rejected the 19th century's fixation on politics, diplomacy, and war in favor of long-term social and cultural trends. From 1972 to 1977 he led the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences in Paris, where he helped define New History and its focus on cultural forces. His central claim was that the Middle Ages were not a bridge or a breakdown but a distinct civilization, separate from Classical Antiquity and from modernity.…
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