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Fakhr-al-Din II

Lebanese prince · Turkey · Lived 1572 to 1635 · aged 62

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Fakhr al-Din Ma'n, commonly known as Fakhr al-Din II or Fakhreddine II, was the paramount Druze emir of Mount Lebanon from the Ma'n dynasty, an Ottoman governor of Sidon-Beirut and Safed, and the strongman over much of the Levant from the 1620s to 1633.

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The mountains of the Chouf (pictured in 2019), the traditional territory of Fakhr al-Din's family, the Ma'n dynastyThe mountains of the Chouf (pictured in 2019), the traditional territory of Fakhr al-Din's family, the Ma'n dynastyA modern, artistic representation of Fakhr al-Din in the Beiteddine Palace.A modern, artistic representation of Fakhr al-Din in the Beiteddine Palace.Fakhr al-Din and the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinand I (pictured), entered a treaty in 1608 stipulating Ma'nid support for a future crusade in the Holy Land in return for military aid and Maronite support for Fakhr al-Din.Fakhr al-Din and the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinand I (pictured), entered a treaty in 1608 stipulating Ma'nid support for a future crusade in the Holy Land in return for military aid and Maronite support for Fakhr al-Din.Shaqif Arnun (pictured in 2005) was a stronghold of Fakhr al-Din, guarding his domains from the south.Shaqif Arnun (pictured in 2005) was a stronghold of Fakhr al-Din, guarding his domains from the south.Fakhr al-Din lived in exile in different parts of Italy in 1613-1618, including about two years in Florence (pictured in the early 18th century).Fakhr al-Din lived in exile in different parts of Italy in 1613-1618, including about two years in Florence (pictured in the early 18th century).In 1619-1622 Fakhr al-Din occupied and gained the tax farms of the predominantly Maronite nahiyas of Byblos, Batroun, Bsharri (pictured in 2016) and Dinniyeh in northern Mount Lebanon from Yusuf Sayfa.In 1619-1622 Fakhr al-Din occupied and gained the tax farms of the predominantly Maronite nahiyas of Byblos, Batroun, Bsharri (pictured in 2016) and Dinniyeh in northern Mount Lebanon from Yusuf Sayfa.An engraving by Olfert Dapper from 1677 depicting Fakhr al-Din's capture of Mustafa Pasha, beylerbey of Damascus, at the Battle of Anjar in 1623. Fakhr al-Din is shown as the standing, turbaned figure pointing toward Mustafa Pasha, who is being held to the ground.An engraving by Olfert Dapper from 1677 depicting Fakhr al-Din's capture of Mustafa Pasha, beylerbey of Damascus, at the Battle of Anjar in 1623. Fakhr al-Din is shown as the standing, turbaned figure pointing toward Mustafa Pasha, who is being held to the ground.

About this person

Fakhr al-Din Ma'n, commonly known as Fakhr al-Din II or Fakhreddine II, was the paramount Druze emir of Mount Lebanon from the Ma'n dynasty, an Ottoman governor of Sidon-Beirut and Safed, and the strongman over much of the Levant from the 1620s to 1633. For uniting modern Lebanon's constituent parts and communities, especially the Druze and the Maronites, under a single authority for the first time in history, he is generally regarded as the country's founder. Although he ruled in the name of the Ottomans, he acted with considerable autonomy and developed close ties with European powers in defiance of the Ottoman imperial government.

Country
Turkey
Status
deceased
Dates
Lived 1572 to 1635 · aged 62

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